青海省三种茄科植物种子微形态特征

Seed Micromorphological Characteristics of Three Species of Solanaceae in Qinghai Province

运用扫描电镜对青藏高原地区3种茄科重要药用植物马尿泡(Przewalskia tangutica)、曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)和山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)18个自然居群的种子微形态进行了观察。种子的种皮纹饰在3个不同的物种之间具有显著的差异,可以分为4种类型。与山莨菪和马尿泡在植株、花、叶等形态差异较大不同,种子大小、颜色、形状及表面纹饰等在两个物种间非常相似,说明与曼陀罗属相比,山莨菪属和马尿泡属间可能具有较近的亲缘关系。结果说明种子微形态这一稳定的性状可以作为青藏高原茄科这3个属间的分类依据,具有重要的系统学意义,但是分类决策必须要包括形态学、细胞学、孢粉学、分子生物学等证据。

Seed micromorphology of 18 natural populations of three important medicinal plants： Przewalskia tanguti- ca, Datura stramonium and Anisodus tanguticus, representing three genera of Solanaceae on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was observed by Scanning Etectron Microscopy （SEM） in order to evaluate this character for use in system- atic analysis. Ornamentation of seed surface show significant differences among the three species, and can be divid- ed into four types. P. tangutica is very different from A. tanguticus on plant, flower and leaf morphology. However, the two species show high similarity on seed size, color, shape and surface ornamentation compared with D. stramo- nium. A plausible explanation for the result is that Przewalskia L. and Anisodus L. have closer phylogenetic relation- ships than Datura L. In addition, there is nearly no significant difference on seed micromorphological characteristics of the same species from different localities. Our results indicate that seed micromorphological characteristics could be an evidence for classification among the 3 genus in Solanaceae on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and shows impor- tant systematic significance, but taxonomic decisions must be made with a full suite of morphological, cytological, palynological, molecular and other data.