豌豆隐性基因的遗传研究及育种应用

Heredity of Recessive Gene in Pea and Its Breeding Applications

为了选育优质高产鲜食豌豆品种,利用豌豆隐性基因易纯合、稳定快,其表象易观察,其性状表达易选择的特点,开展豌豆隐性基因的遗传应用研究,提高育种效率。以矮秆半无叶白花硬荚型白色圆粒豌豆品种和高秆普通小叶紫花软荚型麻褐色凹圆豌豆品种为试验材料,通过杂交,开展半无叶型、矮株、白花、软荚等多个隐性基因遗传研究和优质高产新品种选育。研究结果表明,F1籽粒表现为白色和圆粒籽粒,植株表现为高秆、普通小叶、紫花、硬荚等性状;F2其籽粒颜色和植株表观性状经卡方检测,符合显隐性分离比3:1;叶腋花青斑与紫花颜色具有相同观测值,符合基因完全连锁效应;‘苏豌4号’的成功选育,为豌豆育种提供了多隐性基因的育种材料。综合利用多隐性基因表观选择可较早定向选择目标性状,对目标进行丰产性和抗性等方面的性状选择,以加快育种进程,特别是针对某些性状由1对或2对显隐基因控制的遗传表观选择上具有十分重要意义。

Because of the qualities which pea have such as easy to homozygous of recessive genes and stabilize genetic substance, easy to observe phenotypes and select traits, we conducted the study of researching pea＇ s genetics of recessive genes. And the goals of our study are breeding of high-quality and high-yielding pea varieties and improving the breeding efficiency. The materials that used in this study were two pea varieties. One was dwarf semi-leafless white round pea with white flower and hard pod. The other was high stalk normal lobule brown coved pea with purple flower and edible pod. Through hybridization, the study aimed to breed new pea variety with high quality, high yield and lodging resistance. And the results were： seeds in F1 were white and round, and the plants showed the characters of high stalk, normal lobule, purple flower and hard pod. The seed color and plant apparent characters of F2 accorded with dominant-recessive separation ratio as 3：1 by the chi-square test. The observations of the traits leaf axillary cyanine in spots and purple flower showed the same numbers and it fitted the effect of complete-linkage; ＇ Suwan4＇ had been breed that showed all the above recessive genotypes such as dwarf, semileafless, white flower and high yield. The successful breeding of ＇Suwan4＇ provided many breeding materials with recessive genes for pea breeding. Utilization of apparent selective of recessive genes could confirm the selection target for breeding earlier, select the characters in the aspects of high yield and resistance, which for the purpose of accelerating the breeding process, especially has very important effect in the selecting of characters controlled by one pair or two pairs of dominant-recessive genes.