自发性2型糖尿病动物模型GK大鼠的发病特征研究

Study on Characteristics of Goto-kakizaki Diabetes Prone Rat-a Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model

目的:研究自发性2型糖尿病动物模型(GK)大鼠的发病特征。方法:以Wistar大鼠(n=12)为对照,从第13周龄起连续监测GK大鼠(n=61)的基础血糖值、体重、摄食量和饮水量。第32周龄时,开展糖耐量试验,进行大便常规和肝肾指数检查,检测血浆中血脂、肾功能和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的水平,取胰腺和肾脏进行病理检查。结果:GK大鼠在第24周龄时开始发病,血糖稳定地维持在11.0 mmol.L-1以上的高血糖水平,HbA1c水平亦明显升高,至少可以维持到第32周龄;期间还出现类似于糖尿病病人"消瘦"、"多食"、"多饮"等临床症状;死亡率相对较低,仅为11.47%左右。GK大鼠对糖负荷的代谢能力降低,胰腺和肝脏组织病理改变明显加重。结论:GK大鼠在第24～32周龄期间发病,具有明显的、稳定的糖尿病发病特征,且死亡率低,有利于开展糖尿病的发病机制和药物的有效性评价研究。

Objective： To study the characteristics of Goto-Kakizaki（GK） diabetes prone rat-a spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitusanimal model. Method： Twenty Wistar rats were as a control, the based glucose, body weight, food and water intake of GK rats in 61 rats were monitored continuously since thirteen weeks. At the age of thirty-second weeks, a glucose tolerance test was conducted, stool routine, liver index and kidney index were screened, the content of lipid, renal function and glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） in plasma were tested as well as a pathological examination of pancreas and kidney was carried out. Result： At the age of twenty-four weeks, GK rats are at the start of the pathogenesis, and the plasma glucose remained steady at more than 11.0 mmolL-1 high blood glucose levels, and the HbA1c level were also significantly elevated. These indicators could remain at least till the age of thirty-second weeks. At the same time, GK rats also demonstrate symptoms similar to those of the diabetes patients such as ＇emaciation＇, ＇overeating＇, ＇excessive drinking of water＇ and the rest. The mortality rate of GK rats was relatively low, being only about at 11.47%. GK rats to glucose load were in a reduced metabolic capacity, and the pathological changes of pancreas and liver tissue were aggravated. Conclusion： At the age of 24 to 32 weeks, GK rats were in the period of the pathogenesis, with the obvious and stable characteristics of diabetes, and the mortality rate is low. Therefore, GK rats can be suitable for the research of pathogenesis and drug effectiveness evaluation for diabetes.