内在理性的建模和决策的有限理性分析

INTERNAL RATIONALITY MODEL AND BOUNDED RATIONAL DECISION ANALYSIS

现实生活中的决策人往往表现出有限理性和满意决策的特征.基于显示偏好和内在偏好间的逻辑一致关系,探讨了个体决策的内在理性建模,并结合一类有限理性决策问题给出了感知偏好、局部关系和相容决策等概念.运用建立的概念和模型,证明了一类序数偏好下相容决策的存在性,以及基于弱扩张、附属扩张和强扩张的理性特征,并结合区间序数例子解释和分析了相容决策中的一些满意现象和有限理性规律,旨在探讨诸如模糊决策、不完全信息决策等一类满意决策的理论基础.

Decision makers in reality always behave characteristics of bounded ra- tionalities and satisficed decisions. Individual internal rationalities are modeled based on the logical consistency relations of internal preferences and revealed preferences. Definitions of perception preferences, local relations and compatible decisions etc are given and discussed according to a type of bounded rational decisions with ＂upward＂ consistent preferences. Based on the models and the concepts, existence of a compat- ible decision under a kind of ordinal preferences are proved, and bounded rationality characteristics are studied of weak expansions, adjunct expansions and strong expan- sions. Some satisficed phenomenon and rational features of compatible decisions are analyzed and discussed by use of interval ordinal numbers. This paper is intended to probe into theoretical bases of satisficed decisions such as fuzzy ones and incomplete information ones.