承德市坝上高原典型土壤的系统分类研究

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE TYPICAL SOILS ON BASHANG PLATEAU OF CHENGDE

中国土壤分类尚处于发生分类占主体、系统分类快速发展的并用阶段。为了解承德市坝上高原典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,本文在该区域栗钙土、灰色森林土、黑土等发生分类土壤类型区,挖取8个具有典型代表性的土壤剖面,进行土壤形成条件调查,并分层取样进行理化性状分析。结果发现:(1)8个土壤剖面具有的诊断表层有:有机表层、暗沃表层、淡薄表层;诊断表下层有:钙积层、雏形层;诊断特性有:半干润土壤水分状况、湿润土壤水分状况、滞水土壤水分状况、潮湿土壤水分状况、冷性土壤温度状况、纤维有机土壤物质、半腐土壤有机物质、潜育特征、氧化还原特征、盐基饱和度。(2)按照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)》,8个土壤剖面归属为3个土纲(雏形土、有机土、新成土)、4个亚纲、5个土类、6个亚类。按照《中国土壤分类系统》,8个土壤剖面归属为5个土纲、6个亚纲、7个土类、8个亚类。(3)8个土壤剖面在发生分类与系统分类中发生分异的分类级别存在明显差异,两种分类体系的不同分类级别之间关系较为复杂,并不呈简单的、一对一的对应关系。

Soil classification in China is still at its developing stage where the soil genetic classification system remains to be in dominance, while the Soil Taxonomy Systerm is developing rapidly in China. In order to know how the typical soils on the Bashang Plateau in Chengde are classified in the Soil Taxonomy System, 8 typical soil profiles were collected in genetic soil regions, such as chestnut soil, grey forest soil, black soil, et al, and their soil forming environments were investigated, and then soil samples were taken from various soil layers of the soil profiles for analysis of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that （ 1 ） the diagnostic surface horizons of 8 soil profiles are Histic epipedon, Mollic epipedon and Ochric epipedon; the diagnostic subsurfaces are Calcic horizon and Cambic horizon; the diagnostic characteristics are Ustic soil moisture regime, Udic soil moisture regime, Stagnic soil moisture regime, Aquic soil moisture regime, Frigid soil temperature regime, Fibric soil materials, Hemic soil materials, Gleyic features, Redox features and Base saturation. （2） Based on the ＂Key to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy （Third edition）＂, the 8 soil profiles could be sorted into three Orders （Isohumosols, Histosols and Primosols） , four Suborders, five Groups, and six Subgroups. However, based on the Genetic Soil Classification System, they fell into 5Orders,6Suborders,7Groups and 8Subgroups. （3） The differentiations of the classification of the 8 profiles between the two classification systems varied significantly with classification level, and the relationships between the various classification levels of CSGC and CST are complicated ones rather than the simple one-to-one type.