胆汁途径与非胆汁途径胆固醇逆向转运研究新进展

Research Advances of the Biliary and Nonbiliary Pathways to Reverse Cholesterol Transport

血浆中胆固醇水平升高是引起动脉粥样硬化(AS)及冠心病的主要危险因素。胆汁途径胆固醇逆向转运(RCT)是指外周组织以及巨噬细胞内胆固醇经脂蛋白运输到肝脏,以胆汁形式分泌,并最终通过粪便排出体外的过程。大量研究显示,除胆汁途径RCT之外,还存在非胆汁途径RCT来清除体内过多胆固醇,从而维持体内胆固醇的动态平衡。本文针对不同途径RCT以及各相关转运体、脂蛋白、受体等对RCT调节的最新进展做一综述,以期为胆石症和AS相关疾病的治疗提供新的理论依据和作用靶点。

Plasma cholesterol levels are the major risk factor for atherosclerosis(AS) and coronary heart disease(CHD).Biliary pathway to reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) is the process that cholesterol in peripheral tissue and macrophages is transported to liver by lipoprotion,then secreted into the bile and finally excreted through feces.According to a large number of studies,there is nonbiliary pathway to RCT to clear excess cholesterol in the body,apart from the biliary pathway to RCT.This review focuses on the current views on the different pathways to RCT,and the regulation on the RCT of the relevant transports,lipoprotion,receptor and so on,aiming at providing new theoretical evidence and acting targets for the treatment of cholelithiasis and AS related disease.