自动调节气压卸荷导轨的研究

Investigation on automatic regulating pneumatic unloading guideways

自动调节气压卸荷导轨利用压缩空气支承部分导轨载荷，以降低导轨面上的正压力，从而降低摩擦力。当载荷变化时，气压也随之而变，以保持导轨面的正压力和摩擦力基本不变。这种导轨可以降低进给功率，提高工作台的定位精度和导轨的精度保持性，刚度比普通滑动导轨和滚动导轨高很多，抗振性高于滚动导轨。对它的加工要求，与对普通滑动导轨相同，远低于液体静压导轨。工作介质为空气，不污染环境，不需回收。可广泛地应用于精密和重型机床如坐标镗床、数控机床和加工中心。

In the automatic regulating pneumatic unloading guideways the compressed air is used to support part of the guideway load in order to reduce the normal force on the guideways. So that, the frictional force is reduced. The air pressure in the air pads changes automatical1y with the change of guideway load. Therefore, the change of norma1 force and frictional force is kept in a small range. Using this kind of guideways,the feed power is reduced, the positioning accuracy and the preservation of guideway. accuracy of worktab1e or carriage are improved. The stiffness of this kind of guideways is much more higher than that of the traditional s1iding and ro1ling guideways. The machining requirements are the same as of the traditional slide ways and are much more lower than that of the hydrostatic guideways. The working medium is air which wi1l not pollute the environment. This type of guideways can be used broadly in precision and heavy-duty machine tools such as jig boring machines, NC. machines and machining centers.