储氢材料在乳化炸药中的应用

Hydrogen Storage Materials Applied in Emulsion Explosives

乳化炸药具有安全、环保、稳定的特点,在工程爆破中得到了广泛应用。向乳化基质中添加储氢材料能够提高乳化炸药的作功能力,改善乳化炸药的爆炸性能。通过水下爆炸实验和猛度测定实验,研究了两种储氢材料敏化的乳化炸药爆炸能量输出特性,并与玻璃微球敏化的传统乳化炸药进行比较。研究结果表明:储氢材料能够显著改善乳化炸药的爆炸特性,其中储氢材料MgH2敏化的乳化炸药能量增加了32%,储氢材料TiH2冲击波衰减时间增加了42%。储氢材料水解产生的H2起到敏化作用并参与爆炸反应,因此其总输出能量会大于现有乳化炸药的输出能量。储氢材料在乳化炸药中起到了敏化剂和含能材料的双重作用。

Emulsion explosive is widely applied for its safety and environmentally friendly and stable characteristics, but the rock breaking efficiency of the emulsion explosive is not ideal for its low explosion power. In order to improve the detonation characteristics of the traditional emulsion explosives, hydrogen storage material was put into it. Through underwater explosion experiment and emulsion explosives Brisance experiment, the energy output characteristics of different emulsion explosives were studied. Results of selected detonation parameters for prepared compositions of explosive materials with hydrogen storage materials are presented. For comparative purposes, the paper also presents analogous results for conventional emulsion explosives which sensitized by glass microspheres , hydrogen storage material MgH2 and TiH2 are both have good improvement on the explosive power, and respectively increase remarkable on decay time and overpressure of the shock wave. Before the detonation reaction, hydrogen storage material MgH2 and TiH2 were hydrolyzed to create H2, then small bubbles were distributed uniformly in the emulsion matrix, at last the emulsion matrix was sensitized. H2 was energetic material and participated in the detonation reaction, so the total energy output increased. Compared with emulsion explosives sensitized by microspheres shockwave energy of emulsion explosives sensitized by MgH2 increased32%, and shockwave decay time of emulsion explosives sensitized by Till2 increased 42%.