金薄香核桃新品种枝条抗寒性综合鉴定

Identification of Branch Cold Resistance of Walnut New Cultivated Varieties Jinboxiang

金薄香核桃新品种是由山西省农业科学院果树研究所经20多年实生选育的系列新品种。为了进一步推广核桃的种植区域,加快核桃抗寒品种选育进程,以金薄香1～8号、金薄丰1号、优株181为试材,在常温、-15℃和-25℃条件下,分别测定其1年生枝条的组织结构和膜脂相变、膜脂过氧化、细胞膜透性、渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸)以及保护性酶活性等指标,综合分析其抗寒能力。结果表明,枝条的组织结构与抗寒性有密切关系:木质部所占比例越大,品种的抗寒性越强,不同核桃品种1年生枝条的组织结构有较大差异;低温胁迫处理后枝条的相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加;SOD,POD活性表现出"低—高"的趋势,与相对电导率变化显著相关;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量增加,但不同品种间的变化幅度较大。运用SAS软件主成分分析法进行抗寒性综合评价,初步得出10个核桃品种的抗寒性强弱顺序为金薄香4号、金薄香6号、优株181、金薄丰1号、金薄香2号、金薄香7号、金薄香3号、金薄香1号、金薄香5号、金薄香8号。

Jinboxiang is a new walnut variety through 20 years seedling breeding by Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences. For further promotion of walnut planting area, to speed up the walnut varieties breeding process, Jinboxiang 1 - 8, Jinbofeng 1, and Youzhu 181 as materials, at room temperature -15 ℃ and -25 ℃, the organizational structure and membrane lipid phase transition of the annual branches were measured. The membrane lipid peroxidation, cell membrane permeability, osmotic adjustment substances（soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline）, protective enzyme activity and other indicators were also measured for a comprehensive analysis of its cold resistance. Results： there is a close relationship between organizational structure and cold resistance. The greater the proportion of the xylem branches, the stronger the cold resistance; there are different organizational structures of annual branches of walnut cuhivars. The relative conductivity and the content of malondialdehyde of branch after treatment under low temperature is increased; SOD, POD activity showed a ＂low-high＂ trend and significantly correlated with the relative conductivity change; the soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline content is increased, but the variation between varieties is relatively large. Using SAS software, the principal component analysis method for comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance, the preliminary conclusion of 10 walnut varieties order：. Jinboxiang 4 〉 Jinboxiang 6 〉 Youzhu 181 〉 Jinboxiang 1 〉 Jinboxiang 2 〉 Jinboxiang 7 〉 Jinboxiang 3 〉 Jinboxiang 1 〉 Jinboxiang 5 〉 Jinboxiang 8.