宋代有关僧尼的法条初探

The Laws Concerning Buddhist Monks and Nuns in the Song Dynasty

历代王朝对于佛教的管理体制可谓各具特色,在唐宋之际呈现明显的法制化趋势。唐代之前,主要属于零散的、临时性的、行政管理性质的措施;宋朝以后,管理僧尼的行政措施日益严密。从客观上看,宋代有关寺院、僧尼的法制逐渐完善,既严格规范了宗教团体的行为,也便于政府更加有效地管理出家人,无论是对寺庙、道观,还是对各级政府部门,都是十分有利的,这对中国古代佛教发展产生了深远的影响。

Each dynasty in ancient Chinese history established characteristics of its own in the management for Buddhism, while in Tang--Song periods, an obvious trend of legalization was witnessed. Before the Tang dynasty, the administrative measures for Buddhist monks and nuns to a great extent were decentralized, temporally, and were kind of governmental administration by nature, comparing with a more rigorous and all--inclusive management system established in the Song dynasty. From the objective perspective, the gradual improvement of the law concerning Buddhist temples, monks and nuns in the Song dynasty not only was able to strictly regulate the religious group＇ s conducts, but also greatly facilitate the government＇ s management. It showed great advantages both for temples and for government departments, let alone its profound influence on the development of Buddhism in ancient China.