贵州油菜主产区的氮磷钾肥料利用率

Fertilizer Use Efficiencies of Rapeseed in the Main Producing Areas in Guizhou

为摸清贵州省油菜生产对氮、磷、钾肥的利用情况和测土配方施肥对提高相应肥料利用率的效果,以4个杂交油菜品种为材料,在贵州省油菜主产区选择127个试验点进行3414油菜测土配方施肥小区试验,选择62个试点进行同田大区对比试验研究贵州油菜生产的氮磷钾肥利用情况。结果表明:油菜测土配方施肥对氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为31.48%、20.39%和34.56%,氮肥和钾肥的利用率相似;油菜同田大区对比试验中,常规施肥的氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为26.91%、13.05%、34.30%,配方施肥的氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为28.12%、19.69%、33.24%,氮、钾肥的利用率相似,而配方施肥比常规施肥的磷肥利用率高6.64百分点。

Taking hybrid rapeseed varieties as the materials, the NPK use status was studied through a series of plot experiments conducted in 127 test points and field contrast experiments in 62 test points to explore the utilization of NPK fertilizers in rapeseed production and the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on improving utilization rate of fertilizers. The results showed that in plot experiments the use ratios of N, P and K were 31.48%, 20. 39% and 34. 56% respectively. N and K fertilizers were of the similar use ratio. In the field contrast experiments, the use ratios of NPK in conventional fermentation were 26.91%, 13.05% and 34.30% separately, and in formulated fertilization were 28.12%, 19.69% and 33.24% respectively. N and K fertilizers were of the similar use ratios, while P use ratio in formulated fertilization was higher than conventional fertilization hv 6.64 percents.