2008～2011年院内感染细菌病原学分类及危险因素分析

Bacteria distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in one hospital from 2008 to 2011

目的探讨2008～2011年院内感染细菌病原学，分析相关危险因素。方法选择2008—2011年我院院内感染病例541例，分析感染者的病区分布、病原菌特点及危险因素。结果4年内感染细菌统计得出的3类细菌检出率由高到低分别为非发酵菌（40．63％）、球菌（31．25％）、肠杆菌（28．13％）；单因素分析，使用抗生素、介入性诊疗、免疫抑制剂的使用、住院天数、抗生素使用种类是医院细菌感染的关联因素；多因素分析，介入性诊疗、抗生素使用种类、住院天数为医院细菌感染的主要危险因素。结论全面了解院内感染的病原菌特点，分析引发感染的危险因素并合理应对，可以有效降低院内感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the bacteria distribution of nosocomial infections in our hospital from 2008 to 2011, and to ana- lyze the risk factors. Methods The data of 541 cases infection patients from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed, including bacteria distribution and risk factors. Results The bacterial detection rate from high to low of three main types was non-fermentative bacteria （40.63%）, cocci （31.25% ）, and enterobacter（28.13% ） in total 4 years; in univariate analysis, usage of antibiotics, interventional treatment, usage of immuno- suppressants, days in hospital, antibiotic using types were associated factors for hospital bacterial infections; in multivariate analysis, interven- tional treatment, antibiotic using types, days in hospital were main risk factors for hospital bacterial infections. Conclusion A comprehensive understanding of pathogenic characteristics of nosocomial infection, analysis of risk factors for infection, and reasonable response can effectively reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections.