伊藤博文宪政思想的形成与明治宪法体制的建立

The Formation of Hirobumi’s Constitutionalism and Establishment of Meiji Constitutional System

1868年,伊藤博文在版籍奉还建议书中首度提及未来开设上院构想。随后在1871年赴美考察归国后,他提出以渐进方针进行组织改革及开设下院,由此产生了宪政思想的萌芽。1880年,伊藤博文提出宪法意见书,标志着其宪政思想的雏形已初露端倪。在对法国和美国等诸国立宪政治进行考察的基础上,他于1882至1883年赴欧调查宪法,最终形成了自身的宪政思想。依靠其宪政思想,伊藤博文不仅压制了在野的自由民权派的宪法构想,而且超越了政府内以岩仓具视、井上毅为主导的德国派,掌握了制定宪法的主导权。伊藤博文的宪政思想作为其构建明治宪法体制的思想基础,发挥了重要的理论指导作用,直接推动了明治宪法体制的建立,对明治宪法体制的结构及特点施加了重要影响。

In 1868, Hirobumi put forward his thought of setting up the Upper House for the first time. In 1871, he supposed organizational reform and establishment of House of Commons, which marked the burgeoning of his constitutional thought. He finally formed his constitutional thought from 1882 to 1883. As the ideological base for Meiji Constitutional System, Hirobumi’s constitutional thought was of great importance for the establishment of the system.