参军色渊源考

Textual Research of the Origin of Can-Jun-Se

引戏色是宋杂剧五大脚色之一,它源出于宫廷教坊乐官"参军色",这已成为学界的共识。然而,参军色更早的渊源是什么,则极少有人论及。为了解决这个问题,可以从参军色指挥乐舞时所持的道具"竹竿子"入手进行研究。因为竹竿子这一道具与更古老的旌旗、晕干等存在源流关系,由此也找到了它与古代礼乐之官太常的联系,因为太常的命名就是根据古代旗帜"太常"而来的。太常官在唐代又衍生出"司功参军"一职,负责地方上各类的礼乐活动,遂成为参军色的渊源所在。

Yin-Xi- Se was one of the five different characters of the Song Drama. As was well-known, it started from Can- Jun-Se performed by musical official in Royal Academy. But few researches are focused on what the origin of Can-Jun-Se was. A study can begin with the property ＂the bamboo pole＂ performed by Can-Jun-Se. The bamboo pole originated from banners and flags, so it had something to do with the ceremonial official ＂Tai-Chang＂, who was named after the ancient flag ＂Tai-Chang＂. Tai-Chang derived a new offieial post ＂Si-Gong-Can-Jun＂ in the Tang Dynasty. These new officials were responsible for the local ceremony and music activities. That was the origin of Can-Jun-Se.