论康德的“人是目的”公式及其在生命伦理学中的意义

Kant's Formula of Man Being the End and Its Significance in Bioethics

康德道德原则中的"人是目的"公式,被他称为绝对命令的质料公式。"人是目的"的含义是指所有人在行动时,都应该同时把自己和他人人身中的人性作为目的,而不仅仅只用作手段。人性就是人的理性能力和思考能力,以及道德判断和道德感的能力。这一道德原则使人自身的价值凸现出来,人类从此具有了尊严,应受到尊重,所以,道德和人性是唯一具有尊严的东西。它们在生命伦理学中的意义形象地表现在人所具有的四种义务类型中。

Among Kant＇s moral principles, the formula of man being the end is also called the ma- terial formula of the categorical imperative by Kapt, which means that all the people in action should always take yourown humanity and that of others as the end, never simply as a means. Hu- manity is the human beings＇ rational and thinking power,and the capacity of moral judgment and moral sense. The moral prineiple emphasizesa person＇s own value. From then on,human beings began to have the dignity and deserved to be respected. So, morality and humanity are the only things with dignity. Their significance in bioethics is vividly demonstrated in humanbeings＇ four types of obligation.