186例哮喘儿童皮肤点刺实验结果分析及其意义

Allergic Disease Children Skin Prick the Analysis of Experimental Results and Significance

目的分析哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验结果,了解儿童哮喘的过敏原种类及其在各年龄段的分布特点。方法选取2009年3月～2010年11月来本院哮喘门诊就诊的186例患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。采用德国默克公司生产的变应原试液以生理盐水作阴性对照,组胺作阳性对照。结果 186例患儿中SPT阳性150例,其中,1～3岁组56例,4～6岁组48例,7～14岁组46例,7～14岁组SPT阳性率最高,4～6岁组次之,1～3岁组最低,3组变应原阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义。在不同年龄组所有变应原中,以尘螨阳性率最高,屋尘螨达37.6%,粉尘螨36.6%;其次为室外霉菌34.4%。随着年龄的增长,患儿致敏的变应原阳性种类相对增多,10种以上变应原阳性者7～14岁组明显高于其他两组。结论所有变应原阳性率中以尘螨阳性率最高且受年龄影响,所以指导家长避免和减少与尘螨的接触是治疗和护理儿童哮喘的最基本措施。

Objective To study the children allergic disease common allergen species and the distribution characteristics. Methods 186 cases of clinical data From March 2009-November 2010 in our children asthma clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The allergen test used the German Merck kits to apply in double arms bend side skin, with physiological saline as the negative control, histamine as the positive control. The allergens were house dust mites, dust mite, eat epithelium, dog epithelium, smoke aspergillus, outdoor mold, tree 1 （ autumn pollen）, tree 2 （spring pollen）,mugwort, ragweed,velvet,grain;as well as food such as milk, eggs,peanuts, shrimp, wheat flour, carp and so on. Results In 186 cases,150 cases of SPT positive,l-3 years old group 56 cases of positive,4-6 years old group 48 cases of positive,7-14 years old group 46 cases positive,7-14 years old group was the highest rate of SPT, 4-6 years old group take second place, 1-3 years old group was the lowest, the comparison of the three groups of allergen positive rate was significant difference. In different age groups ,＇The house dust mites had highest rate of 37. 6 %, 36.6 % of dust mites, followed by outdoor mold 34.4%. The survey also shows that, with increase of age, the allergen positive rate increased, and more than ten kinds of allergens in 7 to 14 years old group was significantly higher. Conclusion Dust mites had highest rate of allergenic response and increased with age. Parents should be guided to avoid and reduce the dust mites contact,and this is basic treatment and care of children allergic diseases.