内陆盐水水体枝角类研究述评

A review on the Cladocera in inland saline waters

本文论述了世界范围的内陆盐水水体枝角类的种类组成及其分布,并分析了决定内陆盐水水体枝角类分布的环境因子。随着盐度升高,枝角类种数减少,能在超盐水体中出现的枝角类只有少数几种,且大多数淡水耐盐种能适应很大的盐度变化。盐度和离子组成是决定内陆盐水水体枝角类分布的最重要的环境因子,此外,温度、碱度和pH离子系数等也起作用。文后对内陆盐水水体枝角类的利用前景进行了讨论,认为将分布于内陆盐水水体的一些枝角类(如蒙古裸腹溞、点滴尖额溞、大型溞等)驯于化海水中大量培养,是扩大海水养殖上鱼虾幼体活饵料的良好途径。

The species composition and geographical distribution of Cladocera in inland saline waters was discussed, which spread all over the world, and the effect of environmental factors on. the distribution of the Cladocera was also analysed. It is concluded that the species' numbers of the Cladocera present trend towards declining as salinity incresing. Only a few of halobiont species occur in the hypersaline waters. However, many sait-tolerans freshwater species can present widely in the mesosaline or hyposaline waters. Salinity and ionic composition are major factors influencing the distribution of the Cladocera in saline waters. Moreover, temperature, alkalinity, pH, coefficient of ions as well as development rate of the Cladocera itself play an important part in these respects. The utilization and its prospects of the Cladocera in inland saline waters were also discussed in this paper. The paper showed that some of the halobiont or halophile species, such as Moina mongolica, Alona guttata, Daphnia magna and Bosmina sp., may be tamed and cultivated in large quantities in the sea waters for a long time. This would be a good pathway to provide live food formarine fishies and shrimp larval in aquaculture.