切除哈德氏腺雏鸡眼区局部对新城疫疫苗免疫反应

IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE HARDERIAN GLANDS TO EYE-DROP APPLICATION OF THE NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINE IN CHICKENS

60只1日龄肉雏鸡平均分成A、B、C三组。A组于1日龄手术切除哈德氏腺，12日龄时A、B两组用新城疫疫苗点眼，C组为非免疫对照组。23日龄时，采集泪液和血清，做血凝抑制(HI)试验，同时采取哈德氏腺、结膜结合淋巴组织(CALT)和泪腺做组织切片。结果，A组血清抗体水平与B组相当，泪液则显著降低(P<0.01)，但比C组高得多(P<0.01)。B组泪液抗体效价比血清高，差异极显著(P<0.01)。组织学观察， A组泪腺上皮下有明显的淋巴小结，少数雏鸡原哈德氏腺部位出现含有胶状液体的半透明囊。A、B两组CALT无明显差异。结果表明，哈德氏腺是眼区重要的局部免疫器官；1日龄手术切除哈德氏腺可获得哈德氏腺缺陷鸡；切除哈德氏腺雏鸡泪液抗体水平下降极显著（P<0.01），对血清抗体水平和CALT免疫形态反应无影响，泪腺可部分代偿其免疫功能。

：Sixty one-day-age broiler chickens were divided into three equal number groups A, B and C at random. Chickens in A were removed the harderian glands at one-day-age. Chickens in-groups A and B were given Newcastle Disease vaccine (Clone 30) by ocular route at 12-day-age. Group C was used as control. Sera and tears of all chickens were collected at twenty-three-day-age for microhemagglutination inhibition (HI) test; conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissues (CALT), harderian glands and lachrymal glands were collected at the same time for histopathological examinations. As results, chickens in group A had the quite sera antibody level with group B, the tears antibody level were very lower than group B but higher than group C. The serum HI titer of group B was higher than tear, and the difference was remarkable (P>0.01). There were many lymphoid nodules under lachrymal gland epithelia in-group A, and few of chickens had semitransparent bursa with jelly inside them at the location of removed Harderian glands. No remarkable difference on CALTs was found between group A and group B. The results indicated that Harderian gland was an important local immune response apparatus in ocular region. Chickens without Harderian glands could be got if their Harderian glands were removed at 1-day-age. After Harderian glands were removed the antibody level in tears dropped markedly (P<0.01), but the antibody level in sera and immune morphology response of CALT were not influenced, and the immune function of removed Harderian gland could be replaced by lachrymal gland.