实在论及其竞争者:恢复我们的天真

Realisms and Their Rivals: Rediscovering Our Innocence

实在论和各种牌号的反实在论——如唯心论、唯名论、工具主义、相对主义、非实在主义——之间争论的关键问题是:世界、真理、共相这些东西怎么可能一方面独立于我们而存在,另一方面却又能够为我们所知晓。争论聚焦于:我们关于世界的知识到底有多少是来自世界的,又有多少是来自于我们自身的,如何在发现与建构之间画一条明确的分界线。天真实在论注重形而上学与认识论的整合,以及独立性与认知可通达性之间的平衡,恰好占据了严格的实在论与松散的相对主义之间可供立足的中间地带。

The key question in the debates of Realisms and opposing theories under the name of 'anti-realism'——such as idealism,nominalism,instrumentalism,relativism,irrealism,etc.——is that how things like world,truth and universals can exist independently of us while being cognitively accessible.The debates focus on how to distinguish discovery(from the world) from construction(by ourselves).Innocent realism could integrate metaphysics with epistemology,balance independency with accessibility,and takes the intermediate position between rigorous realism and loose relativism.