基于“3414”试验的早稻施肥效应与推荐肥料研究

Studies on Fertilization Effect and Recommended Amount for Early Rice Based on "3414" Field Trials

为水稻促进合理施肥、减少资源浪费和提高施肥效益,研究采用"3414"试验方案,连续3年在江西省吉安市13个县(市、区)开展早稻大田施肥试验,研究氮磷钾肥料施用效应,建立土壤氮、磷、钾养分分级指标和不同分级范围的推荐施肥量。结果表明:(1)试验区域有较高的土壤碱解氮(116～209 mg/kg),但相对产量(60%～90%)较低,施用氮肥增产效果显著,推荐最佳施氮(N)量为120～240 kg/hm2;(2)试验区域土壤速效钾含量在61～119 mg/kg,相对产量85%～95%,施用钾肥有较好的增产效果,推荐最佳施钾(K2O)量为50～120 kg/hm2;(3)试验区域土壤有效磷含量分布在11～31 mg/kg,相对产量在90%～100%,磷肥施用效果不明显,推荐最佳施磷(P2O5)量为0～70 kg/hm2。因此,在当前水稻施肥实践中要进一步加强氮肥的合理施用及其高效施肥技术研究,同时注意增施钾肥,因土酌情施用磷肥。

In order to improve rational fertilization,reduce resource waste and enhance fertilizer recovery, the soil nutrient classification index for N, P, K, and the corresponding recommended fertilization amount were studied based on the early rice ＂3414＂ field trials conducted for three years in succesion in Ji＇ an ,Jiangxi Province. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） though the high soil alkali - N content ranged from 116 to 209 mg/kg in the trial spots,the relative yield was low （60%-90%） and the effect of N fertilization on increasing grain yield was significant,and the optimal N fertilization--120-240 kg/hm2 was recommended; （2） The soil available K con- tent ranged from 61 to 119 mg/kg and the relative yield was 85% -95% ,showing evident effect of K fertilization and the optimal K fertilization--50 -120 kg/hm2 was recommended;（3 ） The soil available P content was 11 - 31 mg/kg and the relative yield was 90% -100% ,this resulted in less effect of P fertilization on yield and the optimal P fertilization--0-70 kg/hm2 was recommended. In a word, the study on N fertilization technology should be enhanced based on the current fertilization practices. In addition, K fertilization should be recommended in most fields,and P fertilization should be controlled according to soil available P.