攸县油茶F_2代4个优良单株花器特征观测及花粉特性分析

Observation of Flower Characteristics and Analysis of Pollen Characteristics of Four Superior Single-plant of the Second Generation of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu

为开展油茶杂交育种和认识种间杂交后代的特性,以(攸县油茶×"湘林1号")×"茶陵166"的杂交后代4个优良单株为试材,研究了花器特征和花粉特性。结果表明:(1)4株油茶单花开放历时为17～18 d,花期均在2月下旬至四月中旬;攸杂034开花最早,花期最长,为55 d;攸杂032开花最晚,花期最短,仅为41 d。(2)攸杂032的雄蕊数和胚珠数最多,分别为62和19;攸杂034的花丝和花柱最长,分别为8.67 mm和3.71mm。(3)4株油茶的单花药花粉数量平均值分别为9 250、7 050、5 950、8 300粒;P/O值分别为27 171.9、23005.3、20 400.0、29 568.8,均属于专性异交型。(4)花粉在不同温度贮藏下,生活力差异较大,并随贮藏时间的延长,生活力总体呈现下降趋势,其中室温贮藏的花粉生活力下降趋势尤为明显,11 d后大部分花粉已丧失生活力;-20℃贮藏效果最好。

In order to promote the development of camellia crossbreeding and understand the characteristics of interspeeifie hybrids, by using the four superior single -plants of the second generation of （Camellia yuh- s/enens/s Hu × ＇ Xianglin 1＇ ） ×＇ Chaling 166＇ as materials ,a study of flower and pollen characteristics was conducted. The results showed： （1） The single flowers from the blossom of the four plants lasted 17 or 18 days,the flowering period was from late February to mid - April ;YZ - 034 blossomed the earliest, and had the longest flowering period of 55 days;YZ -032 blossomed the latest,and had the shortest flowering period of only 41 days. （2） The numbers of ovule and stamens of YZ -032 were the maximum ,making 62 and 19 respectively ;YZ -034 had the longest filament and style ,making 8.67 and 3.71 respectively. （3） The average pollen numbers of the single anthers from the four plants was 9 250,7 050,5 950 and 8 300 respectively;P/Os were 27 171.9,23 005.3,20 400.0 and 29 568.8 respectively, that means all of the plants belong to the specific type of obligate xenogamy breeding system. （4） The difference in pollen viability under different storage temperature conditions was significant, and the pollen ordinary temperature, after 11 days of storage, most of the pollen lost its life ; - 20 ℃ was the best storage temperature.