某地区0～6岁儿童健康影响因素分析

Analysis on Health Influencing Factors Among 0～6 Year-old Children in a Region

目的了解本地区儿童健康影响因素的流行病学分布特征,为今后儿童保健工作的发展以及政府制定儿童健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用儿童健康因素流行病学调查表,分年龄组对本地户籍、汉族、0～6岁的儿童家长共2030名进行问卷调查及测评。结果儿童在1岁以前主要的看护人为父母,占77.48%;家庭成员对孩子教养观点较一致,占97.59%;儿童"四病"发病率分别为佝偻病(10.30%)、贫血(7.00%)、呼吸系统感染(74.04%)和腹泻(26.80%),其中6个月内婴儿"四病"发病率较低,与各年龄组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);与其余各年龄组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。儿童家庭经济状况、看护人文化程度对儿童健康无明显影响。儿童异常行为和家长对儿童保健服务需求在散居儿童和集体儿童中表现为不同的特征。结论儿童监护人基本情况调查表明,儿童家庭环境能够为儿童健康提供基本的保证,儿童监护人的变化正朝着更有利于儿童身心健康的方向发展,这是儿童保健工作能够进一步开展的经济和社会基础。

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to understand the the epidemiological distribution characteristics of the regional children＇s health impact factors. METHODS Child health factors epidemiological questionnaire, questionnaire survey and evaluation of local household registration Han children, parents of children scattered children of 1 335 and 695 of 2 030 collective children 0-6 years old age group. RESULTS The children before the age of primary caregivers for their parents, accounting for 77.48%, in line with the family members of the child rearing perspective, to 97.59%, and the incidence of children ＂disease＂ were rickets 10.30%, anemia 7.00%, respiratory infections 74.04%, diarrhea 26.80% of infants under six months：, ＂four＂ disease incidence is relatively low compared with each age group, the difference was significant（P〈0.05）, compared to the rest of the age groups, the difference was not significant（P〉0.05）, the economic situation of the families of these children, caregivers, educational level and child health had no significant effect. The abnormal behavioral factors of the child and the parents of the child on health service needs for the different characteristics of performance in the diaspora children and collective children. CONCLUSIONS Children＇s temperament is the common result of multiple factors, prevention and intervention measures should be comprehensive consideration of various factors.