内蒙古野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交后代农艺性状比较及聚类分析

Agronomic characteristics and cluster analysis of hybrids of Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.and Glycine.max(L.) Merr.in Inner Mongolia

为了更好地保护野生大豆种质资源,利用野生大豆和栽培大豆进行人工杂交,经过近30年逐年选育,共获得后代株系50余个。本试验选取24个表型性状基本稳定的株系,以父本野生大豆为对照,首先对其叶形、花色、生长习性、结荚习性、粒形、种皮色、脐色等表型性状进行描述,所有株系在这些性状上表现出丰富的变异;再对各株系的分枝数、株高、主茎粗、单株粒重、百粒重等数量性状进行测定,变异系数从大到小依次为百粒重>单株粒重>株高>分枝数>主茎粗。结合育种目标和利用特点将25个供试材料进行聚类分析,这些材料分为4大类,并初步筛选出籽实饲料型株系6个,饲草型株系7个,草实兼用型株系2个。试验结果表明,24个远缘杂交具有继续筛选的价值,可为更好地利用野生大豆种质资源奠定基础。

More than fifty lines with segregated characteristics were obtained by crossing Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc. and Glycine max （L.） Merr. to utilize and protect the Glycine soja, after selection over nearly three decades, 24 lines with mostly stable phenotypic traits were selected for this study. The leaf shape, flower color, growth habit, pod bearing habit, mature pod color, seed shape, seed coat color and hilum color were observed and described, with the male parent Glycine soja as control. These traits showed abundant variation among all lines. Branch number, plant height, main stem diameter, yield per plant and 100-seed weight were then measured, and the coefficient of variation was as follows： 100-seed weight 〉 yield per plant 〉 plant height 〉 branch number 〉 main stem diameter. All lines were divided into 4 groups using McQuitty’s Cluster analysis combined with the utilization characteristics. Among them, 5 lines were to be used as seeds, 6 （7 in Chinese above？） lines as grazing plant and 2 lines as both seeds and grazing plants.