巴西大豆资源及其在华南地区衍生品种的磷效率评价

Evaluation of Brazilian soybean resources and south China soybean cultivars derived from Brazilian soybean in phosphorus efficiency

南方酸性红壤中有效磷含量低是限制大豆生产的不利因素之一,选育磷高效品种是最有效的途径。采用高、低磷土壤盆栽试验,利用冠干重、根干重、冠磷含量、根磷含量、植株磷吸收量、根长、根表面积、根体积、磷利用效率和磷吸收效率等10个性状对5个巴西大豆和11个由其与桂早1号育成品种的磷效率进行了评价,进一步利用主成分和隶属函数对19个大豆品种的磷效率做综合分析。结果发现,除巴西13号和巴西9号外,其他巴西大豆资源磷效率性状均优于桂早1号。由巴西大豆与桂早1号衍生育成的品种华夏5号、桂夏豆2号也优于其双亲,表现正向超亲遗传;衍生育成的品种华夏1号和华夏3号介于其双亲间;其余衍生育成的品种低于双亲,表现负向超亲遗传。结果表明大部分巴西大豆资源在磷效率性状方面存在明显优势,可在改良华南地区大豆品种的磷效率方面发挥作用。

Lack of available phosphorus in Southern acid red soils was one of the major limitations to soybean production. Breeding phosphorus tolerant varieties was one of the most efficient ways to improve production . Using high and low phosphorus soil pot experiment, the phosphorus efficiency of 5 Brazilian soybean and their 11 derived varieties were evaluated using 10 traits which were shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot phosphorus content, root phosphorus content, plant phosphorus uptake, root length, root surface area, root volume, phosphorus use efficiency and phosphorus absorption efficiency. Furthermore, phosphorus efficiency of 19 soybean varieties were analyzed by principal component and associated functions. The results showed that except Brazil 13 and Brazil 9, phosphorus efficiency traits of the other Brazilian soybean resources were generally better than Guizao 1 which was a variety in South China. Huaxia5 and Guixiadou2 varieties were higher than their parents respectively, which was a positive transgressive inheritance. Huaxia1 and Huaxia 3 varieties were between their parents. The remaining varieties were lower than their parents respectively, which was a negative transgressive inheritance. It indicated that the majority of Brazilian soybean resources were superior to South China varieties in phosphorus efficiency. Therefore, Brazilian soybean resources had great potential to improve South China varieties of phosphorus efficiency.