父母教养方式与护生焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性研究

Correlation study on the influence of parental rearing styles on nursing students＇ anxiety and depression

目的分析父母教养方式对护生焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响，探讨通过对护生父母采取相应的干预指导，以减少护生焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪。方法2011年11月至2012年4月采用方便抽样的方法，选取湖南省长沙市5所护理本专科院校的护理专业学生，应用自制的一般资料问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对745名护生进行一般资料、焦虑、抑郁状况的调查。结果护生的焦虑发生率为22.42%，抑郁的发生率为53.56%。焦虑与父母的关心、平等沟通、尊重理解、表扬鼓励、自由发展呈负相关（r值分别为-0.074，-0.124，-0.121，-0.129，-0.084，-0.063；P〈0.05），与父母的期待、严管严教呈正相关（r值分别为0.115，0.115；P〈0.01）；抑郁与母亲的关心、平等沟通、尊重理解、表扬鼓励、自由发展呈负相关（r值分别为-0.095，-0.118，-0.124，-0.087，-0.075；P〈0.05），与严管严教呈正相关（r=0.109；P〈0.01）。尊重理解、父母的期望、母亲的关心、严管严教是影响护生焦虑发生的因素（t值分别为-2.363,3.574,-3.595,2.867；P〈0.05）；平等沟通、尊重理解、严管严教是影响护生抑郁发生的因素（t值分别为-2.180,-2.506,2.604；P〈0.05）。结论护生的焦虑、抑郁发生率高，且父母教养方式对护生焦虑、抑郁情绪的产生存在影响，应针对父母制定有效干预措施以改善护生的情绪体验。

Objective To analyze the influence of parents on nursing students＇ anxiety and depression and discuss the countermeasures that parents can adopt to reduce negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. Methods Students majored in nursing were selected from 5 nursing schools in Changsha city by convenience sampling from November 2011 to April 2012, and 745 nursing students were investigated with self- designed general information questionnaire, SAS and SDS were used to collect their general information, anxiety and depression status. Results Nursing students＇ incidence rate of anxiety and depression were respectively 22.42% and 53.56%. Nursing students＇ anxiety was negatively correlated with their parents＇ care, equal communication, respect and understanding, praise and encouragement, free development（r = -0. 074, -0. 124, -0. 121, -0. 129, -0.084, -0. 063, respectively; P 〈 0. 05）, but positively correlated with parents＇ expectation, strict management and strict teaching （ r = 0. 115,0. 115, respectively; P 〈 0. 01 ）. Depression was negatively correlated with mothers＇ care, equal communication, respect and understanding, praise and encouragement, free development（r = -0.095, -0. 118, -0. 124, -0.087, -0. 075, respectively;P 〈0. 05）, but positively correlated with strict management and strict teaching （ r = 0. 109; P 〈 0. 01 ）. Respect and understanding, parents＇ expectations, mothers＇ care, strict management and strict teaching have the regression relationship with anxiety（ t = - 2. 363,3.574, - 3. 595,2. 867, respectively; P 〈 0. 05 ）, and equal communication, respect and understanding, strict management and strict teaching have the regression relationship with depression （t = -2. 180, -2.506,2. 604, respectively;P 〈0. 05）. Conclusions Nursing students have serious psychological problems and their incidence rates of anxiety and depression were high. Parents have influence on their anxiety and depression, thus effective measures should be taken to improve nursing students＇ emotional experience.