三峡生态屏障区农户退耕受偿意愿的调查分析

Household’s willingness to accept about conversion of farmland into forest program in ecological barrier zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

运用参与式农户评估方法,对三峡生态屏障区内农户退耕还林的受偿意愿进行了调查.分析表明,退耕还林的生态效益受到普遍认可,但其可持续性令人担忧.1355份有效问卷中,愿意接受补偿的占74%,对未来生计的预期与土地相关性低的农户更愿意退耕.受偿意愿的形成具有明显的社会异质性和区域差异性.受访者性别、耕地面积、家庭年收入、帮扶形式、是否移民对受偿意愿值具有显著影响.屏障区平均补偿意愿为1014元/(亩a).万州、秭归、渝北的受偿意愿值高于平均水平.建立基于区域的生态补偿标准和多元化的生态补偿方式,可以弥补目前均一型生态补偿标准和方式的不足,促进退耕还林工程和区域的可持续发展.

Households＇ willingness to accept （WTA） about conversion of farmland into forest program （CFFP） was investigated in depth by participatory rural appraisal （PRA） in ecological barrier zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Ecological benefits of the past CFFP were approved generally, but the sustainability was worrisome. Among 1355 samples, most peasants （74.0%） agree to accept the next CFFP with subsidy. The peasants who had low relevance between future life and farmland prefer to returning farmland. WTA presents obvious social heterogeneity and regional difference. According to the general regression model analysis, it was found that interviewee＇s gender, education level, household＇s farmland area, annual income, expectant compensation forms and whether migrant or not were closely correlated with the willingness value. Average WTA in the ecological barrier zone is 1014 Yuan/mu.Year. WTA of Wanzhou, Zigui, and Yubei are higher than the mean level. Based on the above research, it is concluded that there are shortcomings in uniform standards and manners of payment for environmental services （PES） in China. Standards of PES based on region and diversified comoensation modes should be established to nromote CFFP and regional sustainable develooment.