冷战共识--论美国政府与基金会对亚洲的教育援助项目(1953-1961)

Cold War Consensus:American Adminstration and Foundations Educational Aid Program for Asia(1953-1961)

20世纪50年代,在"国家安全危机"影响下,美国官私组织在何为冷战以及如何赢得冷战方面达成某种程度的"共识",并在反击共产主义的多个领域进行了合作。艾森豪威尔执政时期,福特基金会和亚洲基金会对美国官方冷战项目发挥了重大作用与影响。冷战促成了美国官私组织的目标趋同和长期合作;美国基金会在美国对外援助项目和文化交流项目中显示出不可或缺的作用。在冷战影响下,美国官私组织的海外教育援助目标均发生了"意识形态"转向。

In 1950s,under a prevailing atmosphere of National Security Crisis,American public and private organizations reached,to a large extent,a consensus on what is the Cold War,and how to win the Cold War.The so-called Cold War consensus contributed to the later close and extensive cooperation and coordination,especially in the field of anti-Communism,between the government agencies and the private foundations.Taking the Educational Aid Program for Asia planned and implemented by the Eisenhower Administration as an example,this paper examines the deep involvement of the Ford Foundation and the Asia Foundation into this official program,and reveals their significant influence on it.The author believes that the Cold War has secured certain kind of target convergence and long-term cooperation in a struggle of anti-Communism,that the roles and functions played by American foundations in foreign aid program and cultural exchange program were indispensable,and that an 'ideological turn' has occured in terms of the objective of overseas educational aid program within both the government agencies and private organizations.