论《乐经》的基本形态及其在战国的传播

Basic Form and Dissemination of the Yue Jing in the Historical Period Zhanguo

《乐经》是先秦时期实有的一本经书,它在春秋以前属于乐官传承,与《诗》、《礼》存在密切的联系,但却并非是诗之曲谱。通过《左传》、《国语》的用乐事例,可以推断出《乐经》的基本形态和主要特点。战国时期,《乐经》所记之雅乐的高贵地位丧失,逐渐流落于民间,这在客观上起到了积极的社会效果,因为它使《乐经》在更为广阔的社会空间内向更多的人群传播、推广、解说雅乐。以当时的社会形势而论,知识界对雅乐的兴趣与热情显然高于贵族,即战国百家诸子的学派理念尽管有别,但他们都在潜移默化地接受着《乐经》的影响。其中儒家更是以"乐教"名世,他们通过对《乐经》的解读与阐释,进而形成了《乐记》、《荀子.乐论》等作品。与此同时,其他诸子也通过对《乐经》的吸纳和运用,形成了诸如《吕氏春秋.仲夏纪》之乐论等作品。所以,《乐经》看似传承于儒家,但实际情况并不局限于儒家,它是战国知识界共用的资源,并由此衍生出更多的乐论作品。

Yue Jing was a Confucian classic in the pre-Qin Dynasty and readers should not confuse it with a music book using poetry as its lyrics.Through documentation found in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu we are able to make conclusion about basic form and main features of Yue Jing.During the historical period Zhanguo the content of Yue Jing got disseminated into the society which helped to popularize it to a much broader readership with diversified interpretations.Although the scholars of the 'Hundred Schools' in the Zhanguo Period had different doctrines,their acceptance of the gradual influence from Yue Jing was profound for it triggered a creative process carried out by numerous scholars resulting in producing a number of what had become the great classics in music writing in China.