汶川草坡乡地震次生灾害迹地植物群落的恢复研究

On Vegetation Restoration in Caopo of Wenchuan, a Township Destroyed by Seismic Secondary Disaster

在野外样方调查的基础上,对汶川县草坡乡崩塌、滑坡、泥石流3种次生灾害迹地和2个对照群落人工恢复群落和未受地震破坏的原始群落上的植物群落种类组成、结构特征、优势度及物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明:①次生灾害迹地恢复群落上共有高等植物11科17属19种,群落结构简单,以菊科等先锋草本植物为主;②3种次生灾害迹地上物种多样性较低,Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数均显著低于对照,但Pielou均匀度指数与对照差异不显著.研究表明3种次生灾害迹地均处于演替阶段的早期,生存条件的缺失是地震后群落恢复较慢的主要原因.

Based on the results of a field survey made with the quadrat method, the composition and structural characteristics, dominant degree and biodiversity of three plant communities developed from the bodyof collapse, landslide and debris flow in Caopo township in Wenchuan were studied and compared with two control communities, i. e. an artificial restoration community and an intact primitive community. A totalof 19 plant species of higher plants, belonging to 11 families 17 genera, were recorded in the three earth quake-affected communities, of which the pioneer plants such as composite plants were the main species.The species diversity of the 3 communities, as indicated by Margalef species richness index, Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, was lower than that of the control communities, whileits Pielou evenness index had no remarkable difference compared with the control communities. The above results indicated that the secondary disaster mark places were in their early succession and the loss of goodhabitats was the main reason for their retarded restoration.