朝鲜经济改革与市场化前景展望

Outlook for North Korea’s Economic Reform and Marketiztion

朝鲜有些部门中非国家或计划外生产盛行,但这并不能说明市场化已从制度上确定下来。从这个意义上说,朝鲜经济既不是计划经济,也不是市场经济。朝鲜真正的市场化虽然尚未全面开始,但"市场化的底部"已经给最高领袖和朝鲜劳动党统一领导的朝鲜政府体制带来了离心力。考虑到朝鲜的产业结构,消费品稳定供应主要取决于农业生产,轻工业生产和进口增长。重工业的恢复和增长需要更多国内外投资。为促进经济健康发展,朝鲜应引入具有竞争力的市场导向政策。这既需要朝鲜自发的动机,同时也需要来自外部的支持。健康的经济状况是后金正日时代朝鲜政治管理能够保持相对稳定的重要因素。

In North Korea, there are some sectors in which non -national or unplanned production prevails, but it can hardly be said that marketiztion is institutionalized. In that sense, the North Korean economy is neither a planned economy nor a market economy. Although real marketization has not started in full in North Korea, ＂marketization from the bottom＂ has brought centrifugal forces to the system of government in North Korea, which used to be unified under the supreme leader and the Korean Workers＇ Party. Considering the industry structure of North Korea, the stable supply of consumer goods depends primarily on agricultural production, light industry production and growth in imports. Rehabilitation and growth of heavy industry foreign sources. In order for North Korea to foster sound economic require more investment by both domestic and development, market - oriented policies, not merely the introduction of some competitive aspects, are needed. This requires both spontaneous motivation in North Korea and support from the outside world at the same time. A healthier economic condition is one important factor in enabling North Korea to maintain a comparatively stable political administration in the post - Kim Jong - il era.