历届奥运会女子七项全能成绩的分析及启示

Analysis and Enlightenment of Women's Heptathlon Results on History in the Olympic Games

为了了解奥运女子七项全能项目的发展历程及趋势,采用文献资料法、数理统计法等,对1984-2012年共8届奥运会中前20名女子七项全能运动成绩和各单项成绩进行统计学意义上的分析。结果显示,①欧美女子全能选手在奥运会中占有绝对优势,亚洲选手在该项目上的劣势明显;②从当今世界女子七项全能运动呈现"发展速度、爆发力为主流"的趋势;③100m、200m和跳远三个项目成绩对运动员最后的总成绩影响最大。建议我国女子七项全能的发展应该从以下三点着手:①七个项目要全面发展,寻求从投掷项目上的突破;②注重完善和提高各单项的技术;③注重全能运动员意志品质的培养。

In order to know the trend about the heptathlon in Olympic Game, through the literature material and mathematical statistics method, this article discuss the statistics analysis about 1984--2012 year Olympic Games top 20 woman heptathlon. The result showed： ①The heptathlon athletes from Europe and Northern American assume absolute superiority. ②Nowadays, the development trend of heptathlon is to develop speed and explosive power. ③100m hurdles, 200m run and long jump had the biggest influence on the final result in heptathlon. We provide three suggestions：①The seven items develop fully with breakthrough from throwing. ②Emphasize the skill development. ③Emphasize the character and tough will cultivation.