大革命失败后陈独秀“左”倾思想析论

Analysis of Chen Duxiu's “Left-leaning”Thought after the Failure of the Great Revolution

对于陈独秀,学术界较少评价其在大革命失败后的思想倾向,尤其是"左"的思想倾向。事实上,由于对中国国情和国内革命形势判断失误,加之对自身责任避重就轻,大革命失败后,陈独秀以"左"反"左",产生了许多错误认识。他认为:中国不是半殖民地半封建国家,而是一个初期的、落后的资本主义国家;党应当依靠工人阶级和贫农,以城市为中心,进行社会主义革命,实现无产阶级贫农专政;在此过程中,民族资产阶级和小资产阶级并不能发挥积极作用,故不应将其作为革命的同盟军,而红军的主要成分是土匪和逃兵,也不可靠。这些认识太过片面,也不切实际,并导致他与中国共产党越走越远。

With regard to the evaluation of Chen Duxiu, scholars seldom mention his mind-set after the Failure of Great Revolution, especially his ＂left-leaning＂ thought. Actually, Chen Duxiu has many wrong understandings after the failure. He opposes the ＂Left Wing＂ with his ＂Left-leaning＂ Thought. In Chen＇s view, China is not a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, but a laggard capitalist country preliminary stage. Chinese Communist Party should rely on the working class and poor peasants, and perform the socialist revolution by centering on the cities, thus achieving the proletarian poor peasant dictatorship. National bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie cannot play a positive role in the revolution, and the Red Army is also unreliable for its main members are bandits and deserters. By analyzing Chen Duxiu＇s speeches and books after the failure of the Great Revolution, the author finds that Chen＇s understanding of Modem China and the essence of China＇s revolution are unrealistic and his comprehension of the focus of Party＇s work completely wrong. His understanding of revolutionary allied forces is one-sided and dwelled on the trivial, and he neglects the essence when talking about his duty. Chen Duxiu＇s ＂ left-leaning＂ thought after the Failure of the Great Revolution derives from his misjudgment on China＇s national conditions and domestic revolutionary situation, which lead to his apart from Chinese Communist Party. drifting