黑格尔的家庭观和中国家庭观之比较——读《精神现象学》札记(之一)

Comparison of Hegel′s Concept of Family and Chinese Concept of Family——One of the Notes on Reading Phenomenology of Spirit

黑格尔的伦理不是自然血缘和情感关系,而是人的法则和神的法则,包括国家、市民社会和家庭。家庭是为市民社会和国家培养独立的公民的,不是忠和孝的关系,而是理性人格的养成。家庭内部的夫妻关系、父母与子女的关系及兄弟姐妹关系都不是一方服从另一方的关系,而是互相的"尊重"(Peitt),借此才从自然的类上升到伦理;三种关系中最重要的是兄弟姐妹的关系,特别是兄弟关系,它走出了家庭,而成为摆脱了自然束缚的自由平等关系,为进入公民社会和承担国家义务做好了准备。在这个层次上,家庭关系体现了伦理实体的一种自我否定的本质。所有这些关系都是与中国传统伦理的家庭关系和家国关系完全不同的。

Hegel＇s ethics are not the natural kinship and emotional relationship, but man＇s law and God＇ s law, which include the state, civil society and the family. The role of family is to develop rational personality and to foster independent citizens for the civil society and the state, but not bound by loyalty and filial piety relationship. None of the three relationships within family, the marital relationship, the relationship of parents and children and siblings＇ relationship, means obedience of one party to the other, but means mutual ＂re- spect＂ （Peit^it） between each party. Only with mutual respect can relationships be enhanced from natural class to ethics. The most important relationship among the three is siblings＇ relationship, especially the rela- tionship between brothers. It steps out of the family and gets rid of the natural binding to become a free and e- qual relationship, and to be well prepared for entering into the civil society and assuming the obligations of the state. At this level, the family relationship reflects a self- denial essence of ethical entity. All of these rela- tionships are completely different from Chinese traditional ethical family relationships and relationship between family and the state.