建设中国开放大学的国家政策文本分析

Text Analysis of National Government's Approvals of Open Universities in China

以文本分析或话语分析的手法切入政策研究,已经成为国际上政策研究领域的一种常用方法。政策文本分析是理解中国开放大学政策的基本手段,也是促进我国开放大学建设政策研究和政策执行的重要途径。2012年6月21日,教育部连续签发三个重要批复:同意在中央广播电视大学基础上建立国家开放大学的批复,以及同意北京广播电视大学、上海电视大学分别更名为北京开放大学和上海开放大学的批复。这三个具有代表性的政策文本集中展示了国家教育部门对新型大学建设目标的总体设计,包括建设路径和发展策略的整体设定,对中国开放大学在教育活动、教育体制、教育机制、教育观念等方面给予了指导性定位。概括地说,就是回答了中国开放大学该由谁来办、怎么办、办成什么样的政策问题。这是中国开放大学建设的政策依据和行动纲领,只有准确把握政策目标和行动线路,才能有效推进中国开放大学的历史进程。

Text analysis,a method commonly applied in the field of policy study,is a basic means to understand the national government＇s policies on open universities,as well as an important approach to encourage the policy study and policy implementation.Three approvals for setting up National Open University,Beijing Open University,and Shanghai Open University were issued successively by the Ministry of Education（MOE） of China on June 21,2012.The three milestone documents illustrate intensively the government＇s overall design of building new types of universities,including the setting of construction route and development strategy,providing a positioning guideline for China＇s open universities in regard to its educational frameworks,activities,mechanism and conception of education.Generally speaking,they answered the questions of who should run China＇s open universities,how to run them and what to be achieved by them.They are policy basis and action guidelines for the building of China＇s open universities.Open universities in China can only be developed by accurately grasping the policy objectives and course of actions.