商业银行差异化资本监管研究

A Study of the Differentiated Regulation of the Capitals of Commercial Banks

本文将中国银行业资本监管差异化政策归纳为直接与间接两方面,对当前大、中小银行资本充足率、资本构成进行分析。2012年商业银行的平均资本充足率较2011年有所上升,中小银行具有较高的资本充足率,但资本结构中股本占比较高;大型银行宜采取调整资产结构的方式维持资本充足率的稳定,同时调整其风险资产结构;监管部门应重视对中小银行所有权结构的审查,同时应进一步加大资本补充工具的创新力度,加快银行间债券市场与交易所债券市场的统一进程,加强商业银行与相关各个监管部门的沟通,探索建立多样化的资本补充渠道。

This paper divides the differentiated regulation policies of the capitals of the Chinese banking sector into the direct and the indirect. The present capital adequacy and capital structure of the large, small and medium-sized banks are analysed in the paper and the results show that the average capital adequacy ratio of the commercial banks in 2012 rised compared with that in 2011. The capital adequacy ratio of the small and medium-sized banks is relatively high, but the equity ratio in the capital structure is also relatively high. The large banks should adjust the capital structure to maintain the stability of the capital ade- quacy ratio and meanwhile adjust the structure of the risk assets. The regulators should pay attention to the censoring of the ownership structure of small and medium-sized banks, further intensify the innovation of the tools to supplement capitals at the same time, accelerate the integration of the inter-bank bond market and the exchange bond market, strengthen the communica- tion between the commercial banks and the related regulatory institutions, explore different ways to supplement capitals.