我国《环境保护法》中政府环境责任追究制度的重构——以美国、日本环境立法经验为参照

Reconstruction of Investigation System of Government Environmental Responsibility in Environmental Protection Law of PRC:With Reference to the Experience of American and Japan

政府环境责任的存在源自社会契约理论中代理人(政府)对委托人(社会公众)环境利益维护的需要。我国现行《环境保护法》中政府环境责任缺失已经造成了一定程度的社会危害,公众环境利益受损。美国、日本环境法以政府职责为本位,对政府苛以严责,强调政府的环境义务和责任。在修改我国《环境保护法》时,应明确政府环境责任的核心地位、设计政府环境责任问责机制并建立政府环境绩效考核制。

Government environmental responsibility consists in the need for the agent(government) to protect the public environmental benefit according to the social contract theory.The deficiency of government environmental responsibility in Environmental Protection Law of PRC has already done certain harm to the society,causing great loss of the public interest.While the environmental laws of America and Japan impose appropriate responsibility on the government,stressing government duty and responsibility of environmental protection.In the modification of Environmental Protection Law of PRC,government environmental responsibility should be strengthened in terms of the assurance of its core role,design of the investigation system and setup of the examination mechanism.