儒生与法吏的考试抉择——宋代试刑法考论

The Examination Selection of Confucian scholars and Law Officials:Research on the Criminal Law Exam in Song Dynasty

北宋时期,试刑法的考试内容为法律专业知识。及至南宋,兼试经义,经学进入试刑法的考试内容,或决去留,或定高下,与法律并重。有宋一代,试刑法在考试内容上呈现出经学化的历史趋势,经学成为试刑法最为重要的知识。试刑法的经学化是经学上升为国家统治理论进而制度化的体现。由此可以看出宋代统治者对"经生明法,法吏通经"理想状态的期待,而时代的司法需求,也使得由儒生充任的司法官员的知识结构中既有经学,又有法律。而司法官员知识结构中经学与法律的关系,则可以概括为"经学为本,法律为用"。

In Northern Song Dynasty,the content of the criminal law exam was legal expertise.In the Southern Song Dynasty,study of Confucian classics entered the criminal law exam,competing with the law.As a result,study of Confucian classics rose to national rule theory thus institutionalized.The knowledge structure of the judicial officials with Confucian classics and law can be summarized as 'Confucian classics as origin and law for use'.