老年人体育锻炼的行为特征及与体质关系的研究

Behavior characteristics of the elderly's physical exercises and the relation with fitness

目的:研究老年人参加体育锻炼的行为特征及与体质的关系。方法:随机分层抽取浙江省60～69周岁的3 958名老年人为研究对象,以体育锻炼的行为分为经常锻炼组,偶尔锻炼组和不锻炼组。以"2010年国家国民体质监测"的老年人问卷进行问卷调查,以"2010年国家国民体质监测手册"测试标准进行体质测量。所有数据用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析。结果:体育锻炼行为在性别分布上没有明显差异(P>0.05),在城乡、受教育程度、退休前职业分布上有显著差异(P<0.01);有体育锻炼行为习惯者与不锻炼者居住场所体育设施的配备比较有显著差异(P<0.05),每周散步时间、每周家务劳动时间有显著差异(P<0.01);体育锻炼行为与城乡、受教育程度、退休前职业以及每周散步时间显著相关(P<0.01);有体育锻炼行为习惯者腰臀比、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈、选择反应时均好于不锻炼者(P<0.05)。结论:老年人体育锻炼的行为受城乡、教育程度及退休前职业等人口因素的影响,体育活动场地、设施及家务劳动对其影响减弱;有体育锻炼行为习惯的老年人的体质好于不锻炼者。

Objective：To investigate the present situation of physical exercises of the elderly, analyze the behavior characteristics, and study the relation of the fitness with the behavior characteristics of physical exercises. Methods：3 958 persons at the age of 60 N 69 years old from ten cities in Zhejiang province were tested in 3 groups based on the frequency of physical exercises. Methods of tests were strictly in accordance with manual of national physical fitness surveillance in 2010 year, and the questionnaire for the elderly in the manual were adopted in this study. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the statistical data. Results ： There is no significant difference between people with different physical exercising behavior（P 〉 0.05 ）. There is obvious difference between people in urban and rural areas, education, and occupation before retired （ P 〈 0.01 ）. There is significant difference of exercising facilities around the living house （ P 〈 0.05 ） and days of walking and housework per week （ P 〈 0.01 ） between people with different physical exercising behavior. There are significant relations between physical exercising behavior with urban, rural, education, occupation before retired and days of walking per week（P 〈 0.01 ）. There are significant differences between exercising and non- exercising groups on the indexes of function and constitution（P 〈0.05 ）. Conclusions：There are population distribution on the elderly＇ s behavior of physical exercises. Behavior of physical exercises are related with economy and culture. The elderly with behavior of physical exercises are better on strength, flexibility, and reaction than those without exercising.