基于GIS丘陵土壤分区与烤烟推荐施肥研究

Flue-cured Tobacco Fertilizer Recommendations Based on GIS Soil Delineation at Hilly Areas

基于烤烟品质的土壤养分管理分区,利用施肥模型对各分区进行推荐施肥,为烟田分区管理和推荐施肥提供科学依据.在平顶山市郏县以20 m间距的“网格法”取耕层（0~20 m）土样111个,测定8种土壤养分含量;在111个样点中任选39个烤烟样品（C2F）,测定其品质指标;通过大田试验建立施肥模型,并对各分区进行推荐施肥.结果表明,研究区各土壤属性均存在较大变异性,且具有较明显的空间分布格局;土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量是影响该区烟叶品质的关键养分因子;利用这4种养分因子将研究区合理划分为4个分区;将施肥模型应用到各管理分区,通过烤烟品质验证表明各施肥模型是科学合理的.本研究为烟田土壤养分分区管理和推荐施肥提供理论依据,为精准农业研究开辟新思路.

The objective of this study was to identify management zones （MZ） in tobacco-planted fields based on tobacco quality, to recommend fertilizer by the rational fertilization models, and to provide a solid foundation for scientifically formulated management zone and recommended fertilizer. One hundred and eleven soil samples were collected from top 20 cm soil layers based on an approximately 20 m grid of study area, and 8 soil properties were analyzed. The 39 flue-cured tobacco samples were obtained from the corresponding soil sample locations, the index of tobacco quality was analyzed. The rational fertilization models were built with field trials for each management zones. The results showed that the larger spatial variability and obvious spatial distribution pattern existed in soil properties. The four quality-limiting factors, including soil organic matter （OM）, available phosphorous （AP）, available potassium （AK） and cation exchange capacity （CEC） were found by stepwise regression analysis. The four factors were considered as the variables for delineating MZs, and the study area was classified into four MZs. The fertilization recommendation for each MZs were generated by fertilization models and management zones, and using the quality of tobacco evaluate the effect of fertilization recommendation. The results indicated that the quality of tobacco in fertilization recommendation zone was better than the conventional fertilization with the chemical components and content of aroma constituent in flue-cured tobacco leaves. This study provides a soil＇foundation for formulated management zone and fertilization models, and open up a new idea for precision agriculture research.