贵州草海湿地流域典型喀斯特森林植物群落结构特征

Structure feature of typical Karst forest plant community in Caohai wetland watershed of Guizhou Province

【目的】调查研究贵州草海湿地流域不同坡度的典型喀斯特森林植物群落物种和植被特征,为丰富草海流域森林生态系统植被数量和恢复当地生态系统生态服务功能提供参考依据。【方法】采用标准样地调查法对贵州草海湿地流域典型喀斯特森林植物群落,针叶林、针阔林、灌丛、灌草和退耕荒坡植被类型等调查样点进行乔木、灌木和草本的调查。【结果】不同坡度乔木群落中壳斗科植物出现率最高,其在草海湿地流域乔木群落中分布较为广泛;不同坡度灌木群落中蔷薇科植物出现率最高,杜鹃花科、忍冬科次之;草本群落中一年生草本植物随坡度增加呈现出减少趋势,而多年生草本植物呈现出增加趋势;禾本科植物出现率最高,随坡度增加呈现出先增后降趋势,菊科植物出现率次之,呈现出先降后增趋势。【结论】壳斗科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、忍冬科、禾本科、菊科植物是构成草海湿地流域森林群落的主要植物组成部分。对草海湿地流域进行植被生态修复时,乔木应多选用壳斗科植物,灌木应多选用蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、忍冬科植物,草本应多选用禾本科和菊科植物,并考虑所选植物的生活型与地形的关系。

【Objective】The species and vegetation features in typical forest plant community in Caohai wetland watershed of Guizhou Province were surveyed to provide references for enriching vegetation quantity of Caohai wetland watershed and restoring the function and services of local ecological system. 【Method】Using the sample-plot survey method, arbor, shrub and herbaceous of five different types of forest plant communities, viz., coniferous forest, coniferous and broad leaf mixed forest, bushwood, shrub and sloping field of cropland retirement in Caohai Karst wetland were sampled and surveyed. 【Result】Fagaceae plants showed the highest occurrence rate in arbor communities in different sloping fields, which was widely distributed in arbor community of Caohai Karst wetland watershed. Rosaceae appeared to be the majority in shrubs in different sloping fields, followed by rhododendron and honeysuckle. When the slope increased, annual shrub species descended, while perennial shrub plants increased. Gramineous plants had the highest appearance rates, and they increased first, then decreased with the increase of slope. Compositae plants ranked second, which went down first, then up. 【Conclusion】Fagaceae, rosaceae, rhododendron, caprifoliaceae and herbaceous plants were the major parts of wetland watershed. For ecological restoration of Caohai wetland watershed, fagaceae plants are preferred for arbor community, rosaceae, rhododendron and caprifoliaceae plants should be chosen for shrub community, and gramineous and compositae are suitable for herbaceous community. The relationship between life style of forest plants and terrain should be taken into account.