抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王适应性和繁殖能力研究

Adaptability and reproductive ability of the first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees

【目的】饲养观察抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王在云南的适应性和蜂群繁殖能力，为成功培育抗螨性能和生产性能双优的蜜蜂品种寻找突破点，为抗螨蜂种育种工作奠定基础。【方法】2010年8月上旬～2011年6月上旬，对抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王蜂群饲养适应性进行观察，秋季和春季蜂群繁殖时与浙大蜜浆高产蜂种第一代蜂王群的群势增殖能力进行测定比较。【结果】抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王适应性强，采集积极性高，蜂群最大群势可维持16．4脾（成蜂、幼虫、蛹的总和）。两个蜂种第一代蜂王繁殖后总数（成蜂、卵、幼虫、蛹）的增长分别达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）和显著水平（P〈0．05）。抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王繁殖前后总数净增长高于浙大蜜浆高产蜂种第一代蜂王，但差异不显著（P〉0．05），只有成蜂量的净增长差异显著（P〈0．05）；抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王繁殖期间平均增长率整体上高于浙大蜜浆高产蜂种第一代蜂王（P〉0．05）。【结论】抗螨蜂种第一代蜂王的适应性强，秋繁和春繁繁殖能力强，比浙大蜜浆高产蜂种第一代蜂王繁殖稍好，可为全国进行抗螨蜂种的育种工作提供借鉴。

[Objective ]Adaptability and reproductive ability of the first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees in Yunnan were observed to obtain a breakthrough and provide references for breeding and producing superior honeybee varieties with great varroa-resistant quality. [Method ]From August 2010 to June 2011, the adaptability of the first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees was observed, detected and compared with hybrid offspring F1 of high yield honey and royal jelly bred from Zhejiang University in spring and autumn. [Result]The first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees showed strong adaptability and collection ability, in which the largest colonies of potential 16.4 combs could be maintained （bees, larvae, and pupae）. The total number （bees, eggs, larvae, and pupae） of the two bee species after reproduction reached a significant level of growth. The total number of net growth of first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees before and after breeding was higher than that of the offspring F1 of high yield honey and royal jelly bred from Zhejiang University, but the differenee was not significant （P〉0.05）. Only adult bees net increase witnessed significant difference （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the average growth rate of the first filial generation of French varroa-resistant honeybees was higher than that of the offspring F1 of high yield honey and royal jelly bred from Zhejiang University during the breeding season （P〉0.05）. [ Conclusion ]Their reproduetive ability and adaptability are strong in spring and autumn, and are slightly better than those of the hybrid offspring F2 of high yield honey and royal jelly bred from Zhejiang University. This can provide referenees for nationwide anti-mite bee species breeding.