耕地抛荒与农村劳动力余缺的关系分析

Analysis of relationship between cultivated land abandoning and rural labor surplus or deficiency

【目的】研究农村劳动力转移背景下的耕地抛荒问题,为农民增收和耕地资源的合理有效利用提供参考。【方法】首次提出区域劳均耕地面积的概念,将季节性抛荒折算成全年抛荒的面积,并构建农村劳动力余缺系数(K),根据系数值判断研究区从事种植业的劳动力是否短缺,并在理论研究的基础上对福建省两个乡(镇)调查所得数据进行实例分析。【结果】临城镇K=1.02>1,表明该乡(镇)并不缺乏劳动力;溪口乡K=0.87<1,表明现有从事农业种植的劳动力数量没达到耕地种植的需求量,属于劳动力不足。【建议】不同区域耕地抛荒原因并不相同,应根据实际情况采取诸如分类改造被抛荒耕地,完善农地流转、实现耕地资源优化配置,促进农业特色产业发展、吸引劳动力本地就业等相应对策解决耕地抛荒问题。

[ Objective ]The cultivated land abandoning caused by rural labor transfer was studied to provide references for increasing farmers＂ income and appropriately using cultivated land. [Method]The concept of regional cultivated land area per labor force was proposed for the first time and the seasonal abandoned area was converted to annual abandoned area. The coefficient of rural labor surplus and deficiency （K）was put forward, based on which data collected in two villages （towns）of Fujian were analyzed. [Result]In Lineheng Town, K=1.02〉1 showed labor force was not deficient, while K=0.87〈1 in Xikou Village meant it was in need of more labor force. [Conclusion ]To resolve the issue of cultivated land abandoning, corresponding measures should be adopted including land classification, farmland transaction, optimal configuration of cultivated land, special rural industry development and locally employment of local labor force.