饮食-运动干预改善超重/肥胖打工者子女饮食-运动自我效能及行为的效果

Effect of an Exercise-Dietary Intervention on Self-efficacy and Behavior among Migrant Children with Obesity and Overweight

目的探讨饮食和运动干预改善超重/肥胖打工者子女饮食-运动自我效能及行为的效果。方法采用自身前后对照的类实验性研究,以目的抽样法选取北京市某2所打工者子弟小学3～6年级的30名超重/肥胖儿童,对其进行为期12周的饮食和运动干预,比较干预前、干预后1周及干预后2、3、6个月研究对象的饮食-运动自我效能及行为。结果研究对象的饮食-运动自我效能及行为得分在干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后1周的自我效能得分高于干预前,而干预后2个月低于干预后1周,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005);干预后1周及3个月的行为得分高于干预前,而干预后2、6个月低于干预后1周,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论饮食和运动干预能改善超重/肥胖儿童的饮食-运动自我效能和行为,且能维持行为至少3个月,但对自我效能维持时间较短,其长期效果需要进一步探讨;饮食-运动行为的维持是一个长期性的过程,需要得到家庭的共同监督和参与才能获得较好的效果。

Objective To determine the effect of an exercise-dietary intervention on exercise-dietary self- efficacy and behavior among migrant children aged 9-12 with obesity and overweight in Beijing Method. Thirty migrant obesity and overweight children in two schools aged 9-12 were recruited by convenience sampling method. They completed the study by the method of self-control before and after the treatment. The self-efficacy and behavior of diet and exercise are measured by self designed questionnaire. Data were obtained at five time points, baseline,one week, two months, three months and six months after the inter- vention. Results （1）Self-efficacy in taking healthy food and exercising improved significantly one week af- ter the intervention （P^0. 01）,but there was a significant decrease two months after intervention com- pared with the data of one week after intervention （P ~ 0. 005） ; （2） Healthy diet and exercise behavior scores increased one week and three months after the intervention compared with the baseline （P 0. 005）,but there was a significant decrease two months and six months after intervention compared with the data of one week after intervention（P,~0. 005）. Conclusion This study found an effect of positive changes in self-efficacy in taking healthy food and exercising, healthy diet and exercise behavior of partici- pants who undertook an exercise and dietary intervention program, but the long term effects needed to be verified in future studies. The findings of the study show that the behavior maintaining is a long term process which needs the cooperation and supervision of the parents and their family.