2001-2012年我国护理人员锐器伤研究的文献计量分析

Bibliometric Analysis of Sharp Injuries for Nurses in China from 2001 to 2012

目的系统分析我国护理人员锐器伤研究的发展态势及存在问题,为相关研究提供参考。方法采用文献计量方法,构建文献评阅数据库,系统分析2001-2012年收录在中国期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中与护士锐器伤相关的研究类文献。结果共检出研究类文献867篇,文献量呈逐年上升趋势,但基金论文仅占2.0%,97.6%的作者只有1篇文献;867篇文献分布在228种期刊上,其中刊文10篇以上的期刊20种;90%以上的文献研究对象来自单个医疗机构,以护士为独立研究对象的占73.5%;文献以描述性研究为主,占89.5%,危险因素分析和干预研究仅占1.0%和9.5%;研究内容集中在锐器伤现状的回顾性调查、暴露资料的统计分析和培训干预的效果评价。文献报道的护理人员锐器伤年平均发生率为63.5%～91.3%,职业暴露率为2.4%～28.8%,仅6.9%～45.0%的护士发生锐器伤时戴手套,伤口处理正确率为34.6%～48.2%。结论护理人员锐器伤的研究在国内已引起重视,但研究内容单一、研究方法科学性不强、缺乏高产出的作者,尚需形成一个持续关注锐器伤问题的核心作者群,开展高质量的危险因素分析与干预研究,为临床护理人员预防锐器伤提供更强有力的循证依据。

Objective To systematically analyze the development trend and existing problems of researches about nurses＇ sharp injuries in China, so as to provide some evidences for future researches. Methods Papers about nursing sharp injuries published from 2001 to 2012 were retrieved from CNKI and CBM databases and were ana- lyzed systematically. Results Totally 867 related papers were retrieved out,and the number of the papers increased year by year. Nevertheless,only 2% of them were supported by foundations, and 97.6 % of the authors published only one paper. Of the 228 journals which published all the 867 papers,only 20 of them published more than 10 pa- pers. More than 90 % of objects of the studies came from single medical institutions, and 73.5 % of them selected nurses as independent subjects. Most of the researches were descriptive （89.4%）, research topic of risk factor analysis or intervention accounted for only 1% and 9.5 % ,respectively. Studies were mainly focused on ret- rospective investigation of sharp injuries,exposed data analysis and effects evaluation of training interven- tion. The incidence of sharp injuries ranged from 63.5% to 91.3% ,and occupational exposure rate ranged from 2.4% to 28.8%. Only 6.9%~45.0% of the nurses wore gloves when they were injured by sharp in- juries and the accuracy of wound management was ranged from 34.6%~48.2%. Conclusion The current status of protecting from sharp injuries in nurse staff was still not optimistic. Researches of sharp injuries have been arisen in China. But unfortunately, the study contents were simplified, the methods of study were not reliable,and also lack of sustained researchers. It is very important to build a group to pay sustained attention to the sharp injuries and start on qualified researches about risk factor analysis or intervention studies,so as to provide more powerful evidences of protecting from sharp injuries.