2Smythe, D..What TV Programming is like. the quarterly review of film radio and television, 7(1), pp. 25-31.1952.
3Smythe, D. Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism. Canadian Journal of Political and Society Theory, 1 (3): 1-28. 1977.
4Murdoek, Garham. Blindspots about Western Marxism. Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory, 2(2):109-119.1978.
5Jhally, S. and B. Livant. Watching as Working: The Valorization of Audience Consciousness. Journal of Communication 36(3):124-43.1986.
6Gandy, O.. Tracking the Audience. in J. Downing, A. Mohammadi & A. Srebemy-Mohammadi (eds) .Questioning the Media, pp. 166-79. Newbury Park: Sage.1990:169.
7Meehan, E. Ratings and the Institutional Approach: A Third Answer to the Commodity Question. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 1(2): 216-25.1984.
8Maxwell, R.. The Image is Gold: Value, the Audience Commodity, and Fetishism. Journal of Film & Video g3(1):29-45. 1991.
9Mosco, V. The Political Economy Of Communication: Rethinking And Renewal. London: Sage.1996~153.
10Kim, J.. From Commodity Production to Sign Production: A Triple Triangle Model for Marx' s Semiotics and Pierce' s Economics. 1993.79th paper presented at annual meeting of the speech communication association. 1993.