草畜能量平衡模型在典型草原家庭牧场中的应用

Application of Forage and Livestock Energy Balance Model in Typical Steppe Family Ranches

于2011年对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗额里图牧场典型草原3户家庭牧场进行了关于草畜生产情况的调研。结果表明,所调查的3户家庭牧场均超载放牧,其载畜率分别为1.01、0.73和1.17头/hm2。通过运用草畜能量平衡模型对3户家庭牧场现有载畜率进行优化:牧户1应淘汰所有羯羊,淘汰母羊12.5%,载畜率优化调整为0.82头/hm2;牧户2淘汰所有羯羊,淘汰母羊15.0%,载畜率优化调整为0.50头/hm2,同时,启动品种改良计划;牧户3淘汰所有羯羊,淘汰母羊28.8%,载畜率优化调整为0.77头/hm2。调研结果表明,草畜能量平衡模型的应用可以有效地提高牧民们的经济效益。

Three family ranches of Elitu in Zhengxiangbai Banner of Xilinguole were investigated for researching balance of forage and livestock in 2011. The results showed that three family ranches were overgrazing with stocking rates of 1.01, 0.73 and 1.17 head/hm2, respectively. In response to above situation, stocking rates were adjusted by using grassland and livestock energy balance model. No.1 family ranch should eliminate all wethers and 12.5% of ewes, and the stocking rate was adjusted to 0.82 head/bin2; No.2 family ranch should eliminate all wethers and 15.0% of ewes, and the stocking rate was adjusted to 0.50 head/hm2, meanwhile species should be improved;No. 3 family ranch should eliminate all wethers and 28.8% of ewes, and the stocking rate was adjusted to 0.77 head/hm2. This model should be benefit for increasing farmers＇ income.