美英公务员分类管理制度演变及其启示

Evolution and Inspiration of the Civil Service Classification Systems of America and England

公务员分类管理制度是公共部门人力资源管理的基础,它包括以英国为代表的品位分类制和以美国为代表的职位分类制。作为现代公务员制度的发祥地,美英公务员分类管理制度经历了"萌芽—发展—完善"的历程。综观美英公务员分类制度发展历程,呈现出融合性、由繁至简、分权化、两官分立、让管理者管理、开放性等特点。在推进中国公务员职位分类制度改革过程中,学习和借鉴美英有益的公务员分类管理经验很有必要。

The civil service classification systems are the base of public sector human resource management. It includes rank-in-the-job classification and rank-in-the-person classification. As the origins of modem civil service systems, the civil service classification system has experienced three stages in America and England, which are germination, development and perfection. We can find some characteristics of the service classification system of America and England, for example, complementarity, decentralization, distinguishing the government affairs officers and affairs officer, letting the managers manage and opening. During the course of civil service classification system reform, it is important to learn the useful classification experiences from America and England.