海运温室气体减排市场机制ETS和GHG FUND的比较研究

Comparative Study on Market Mechanisms of ETS and GHG FUND for Shipping Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

海运温室气体排放交易机制(ETS)和基金机制(GHG FUND)是用于海运温室气体减排的2个代表性市场机制.为深入了解这2大机制,对其运行机理、减排效果、运行成本,以及新增碳排放成本进行了深度的解剖和定量分析;指出了机制设计中的不确定性以及对发展中国家、不同运输方式间竞争的不公平性.认为现有设计框架下的ETS和GHG FUND机制作为海运业市场减排机制方案并不妥当,海运业应该在寻求技术和营运的措施减排方面做更多的努力.

The Global Emissions Trading System （ETS） and International Greenhouse Gas Fund（GHG FUND） are two representative market-based mechanisms for the greenhouse gas （GHG） emission re- duction from international shipping. To better understand these two systems, their design mecha- nisms had been demonstrated. Also the emission reduction effect, operating costs and the impact on maritime transport costs had been analyzed deeply. It is pointed that there exist uncertainty in the effect of the mechanisms as well as unfair treatment towards developing countries, unfair competition between different modes of transport. Consequently, under the framework of current design, neither the ETS nor the GHG FUND mechanism is the appropriate tool for emission reduction from maritime industry. Technical and operational measures could be paid more attentions and might be the more suitable and fair so utions.