我国产业结构与就业结构协调性的区域差异研究——对上海、安徽、重庆的比较分析

An Empirical Study of Regional Difference in Coordination between Industrial Structure and Employment Structure of China——Comparison Based on Shanghai,Anhui and Chongqing

选择上海、安徽、重庆作为东、中、西部的典型代表,通过产业结构偏离度、比较劳动生产率和就业弹性测度三个地区产业结构与就业结构的协调性,结果表明:我国各地区的第一产业仍然存在大量富余劳动力亟待转移,虽然城市化和工业化水平越高的地区第一产业产值与就业结构越均衡,但其比较劳动生产率也越低;上海第二产业对就业的吸纳能力趋近饱和,而安徽和重庆第二产业仍然具有较大的就业吸纳能力;上海第三产业的就业促进作用有限,而安徽和重庆具有较大的潜力。因此,东部地区必须依托科技创新的力量,通过产业结构升级实现劳动力转移,进而提高产业结构与就业结构的协调性;中西部地区则应充分利用劳动力成本优势,积极接纳东部地区的产业转移,提高产业结构与就业结构的协调性。

By selecting Shanghai,Anhui and Chongqing as the typical representative of east,middle and west part of China,through industrial structure deviation degree analysis,labor productivity and employment elasticity measurement are used to compare the coordination of industrial structure and employment structure in the three regions and the results show that each region of China has a lot of surplus laborers in the primary industry who are urgently needed to be transferred,that the more balanced the primary industry production and employment structure are in the regions with high urbanization level and industrialization level,the lower their comparative productivity is,that the adsorbing capacity of Shanghai secondary industry on employment is approximate to saturation,however,the secondary industry of Anhui and Chongqing still has big employment adsorbing capacity,that the tertiary industry of Shanghai has limited employment promotion effect,however,the tertiary industry of Anhui and Chongqing has bigger employment potential capacity.Thus,the east part of China must depend on the capacity of science and technology innovation to realize laborers transfer through industrial structure upgrading to further raise the coordination between industrial structure and employment structure while the middle and west part of China should sufficiently take the advantage of labor cost to actively accept industry transfer from the east part to raise the coordination between industrial structure and employment structure.