我国城乡老年人虐待的流行现况及防治策略

Prevalence and preventive strategy of elder mistreatment in the urban and rural area in China

老年人虐待是一种犯罪行为或对老人的忽视,老年人虐待分躯体虐待、心理虐待、经济虐待和疏于照料,4种虐待可以同时发生,表现为家庭、医院和养老院等福利机构以及社会的歧视与欺诈。全球4%～6%的老年人曾经遭受过某一种形式的虐待,导致严重身体伤害和长期心理后果,但是这一严重的社会问题一直被隐匿在公众的视野之外。随着人口老龄化趋势的加快,这一问题将变得更加突出。老人虐待在我国是一个讳莫如深的话题,虐待老人的面纱至今还没有被揭开,没有被社会与公众所关注。本文系统阐述了老年人虐待的定义、发生原因及社会影响,通过分析我国城乡老年人虐待发生的流行特征,结合城乡经济和文化特点,在此基础上逐步完善预防老年虐待的措施,构建建设老人权益保障体系,营造社会尊老风尚,提高社区卫生保健、和老年人福利,加强对社会服务机构的监管等策略;分别提出城市和农村的对策重点,为政府和社会制定和执行预防虐待老年人的法律与政策,保障老年人权益提供依据。

Elderly mistreatment is an offence and neglect to elder people, which divided into physical abuse, psy-chalogical abuse, economic abuse and neglect. These behaviors may occur at the same time, and the form of expression is social discrimination and fraud in family, welfare institutions such as hospitals and nursing homes. About 4%-6% of elder- ly people have experienced a certain type of maltreatment in the world, which leads to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences of victim. However, the social problem has been hidden from public view. The problem becomes increasingly obvious along with the speeding up of the population aging process in China. Elder mistreatment is a question of closely guard a secret, and elder abuse has not been revealed in China. It has not been concerned by social and public. This paper systematically expounds the definition, causes and social impacts of eider mistreatment. On the basis of the analysis on epidemiological characteristics of elder mistreatment both of urban and rural areas in china, and combining the features of local economy and culture, the paper proposes several strategies to prevent elder mistreatment including build the elderly rights and interests security system, construct a social respect for the elder, improve the level of community health care and endowment insurance for elder, and strengthen the supervision of elderly service agencies. The prevention policies of elder abuse in urban and rural areas are indispensable. The result provides evidence for governments and society to develop and implement laws and policies to protect the rights and to prevent elder mistreatment.